Pulp beating engine



041.24, 1944. G. w. DODGE v2,360,854

PULP BEATING ENGINE Filed oct. 21, 1941 4 sheets-sneu 1 L um a,

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5 INVENTOR. 23a '23C afa/Pff@ aff,

Ott. v24, 1944.

G. w. DODGE PUL`E BEATING ENGINE Filed Oct. 2l, 1941 4 Sheets--Sheii'Y 2 INVENTOR.

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4 r fak/vir 4Qdi. 24, 1944. w DODGE 2,360,854

u PULP BEATING ENGINE Filed O. 21,' 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. GFUAPGZF W. 0006i,

BYE Q-m nrrorkP/vf'y Oct.l 24,A 19,44.A G. w. DODGE v PULla BEATING ENGINE Filed OClKi. 21, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 .Kl m@ ma MM W.. m .m A

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Patentcdchz'lw `usarlas s'rA'rss 4PATENT oFFrcs z,sso,s54

. rm amrxNG nNcmn George W. Dodge, Greenwich, Conn., assigner to l Paper and Industrial Appliances, lInc., New

. York, N. Y., a corporation of New York applicaties october zi, 1941, sensi No. 415,93

8 Claims.

' machines. 'lhis includes deilbration of the cellulosic material and hydration ofthe separated fibers. The degree of intermeshing of the fibers -oi an otherwise desirable pulp, determines generally the character, grade and mechanical strength ofthe final paper product.

According to a more speciile concept. this invention relates to improvements in pulp beating l engines or renners of the stone ro type in which the conditioning and renning of the pulp fibers is eilected. A beater or renner of the general type contemplated herein comprises usually a tank havi'nga beater roll coacting with a stationary member or bed-plate, thecurvature of the bed-plate substantially corresponding to the curvature of the beater roll having therebetween aLclearance through which the pulp is impelled by rotation of the roll, while parting of the ilbers caused by the working faces of the beater roll and the bed-plate respectively, conditions the nbers for whatever grade or type or strength of iinal product is desired. In a beater of this type, the stock enters at one side of the beater roll and, duc to the rotation ofthe roll, is forced under the rolland through the treatment zone between the rotary and stationary attrition facesA from whence it is projected or thrown upwardly from the other yside of the roll. After such treatment, Athe pulp is ready for further treatment in variousways.

For a better understanding'l of certain features of the invention, reference may here be had to a special type oirenning eiiect, namely, the effect oi' the pulp iibers in the defibrated pulp being additionally roughened up in a manner'A to enable them to intermeshcrfelt more viiirmly with each other so as to provide greater mechanical strength in the final product. This phenomenon, f c

45 ties, for whatever length oi effective treatment is Y which comprises putting whiskers on individual iibers, is sometimes called hydration. This eil'ect is incident to such an additional renning stepv l as will be discussed hereinafter in 'connection withthisinvention.

A more recent method..as disclosed in United States ,Patents Nos. 2,008,892 and 2,145,851to Asplund, cliilers from ,the older conventional digesting or cooking steps in that the preliminary .softeningoftheligningofthcwood hi 1. cellulose material, u well as subseqsent mechanical detlbration take pla'e at elevated steam temperatures and elevated pressures under conditions of non-submergence of the material being treated. I l l 5 As a matter of environment, the beater considered to embody features of the present invention may operate as a renner in any of these or similar processes. Yet it may alsoperform a more speciilc function, namely, when used in a lo supplemental reilning or attrition step, whose purpose is fiber separation following the usual Asplund combination of deiibrator and renner, called herein secondary reiinlng or hydration. It

is called secondary since itr can 'follow the l5 ordinary deiibration and refiningstation which correspondingly might herein Ibe called the primary or pre-refining step. By the special treatment received in the secondary refining step' or station, the fibers which are relatively I,smooth 20 and lnon-coherent when they emerge vfrom the primary reilning treatment, arel'roughened up, without necessarily beingshortened, in a manner whereby whiskers. or branch flbr-llae are effected on them. When in a mass of ber, branch 26 flbrillae of one liber become enmeshed withv vthose of another, and thus form a fairly inter- .locked, felted, or coherent `fibrous system, which makes for surprisingly greater mechanical -strengh in the nal product. The specific 30 roughening effect upon the ilbers in the second- 'ary refining or hydration step may be attained when basalt lava, insets are used to furnish abrasion or attrition faces on the beater roll as well as onthe bed-plate. l 351 Improvements according to the present invention are realized when made upon a type ofrener in which the beater roll is only .partially submerged in the stock of the tank.-

It is among the objects of this invention to 4o provide a beater engine -or reiiner which is simple and compact of construction, and' yet flexible in operation. By flexibility of operation is meant that .the machin'e is capable of handling a irelatively-wide'range of pulp densities and viscosidesirable for the stock during its one passage through the machine. v Y

Hence, a more specific object is to provide means whereby the -spiralized movement vof the 'the number of turns of the spiral path to be followed by the stock, for thereby controiling'the' 55 total length of that path for any particular type of pulp. In other words, the total amount of abrading or roughening treatment to be given the pulp during one passage through the renner casing.

Another object is that the operation should be stable in view of the .fact that many stocks have the tendency to segregatebefore ,or at the entrance tothe beater roll, with the result that only segregating'thin stock is treated in the beater while bers are detained, thus giving rise to congestion and unstable operation of the ma'- chine. Still another object is to produce an improved beater or -reilner which is flexible and stable in operation, and furthermore economical in power consumption.

Certain of the above objects of this invention are attained by causing the beater roll to project the stock pulp into the space above the beater roll and along a suitable curvature of the hood that forms the top portion-of the casing surrounding the beater roll. By correlating the curvature .With the velocity of the stock; the projected particles following this'curvature are guided 4back to the feeding side of the beater roll in the form` spiralized movement of the stock can be rendered uniform to the extent that the machine as a whole is properly designed and proportioned, and to the extent that the slope or hydraulic head of the stock level is allowed to develop and to remain free from any substantial disturbance.

It is therefore one of the features of this invenytion to provide an outlet in the form f adjustable interceptor means whereby pulp can be withdrawn .at a desired rate at the outlet end of the tank.

'I'he word interceptor is chosen because it designates the feature that the falling pulp to be withdrawn at the outlet end of the tankvis not allowed to reach the body of the pulp stock in the tank,

but is intercepted in its fall as by an adjustable splitter or doctor. By intercepting an adjustable quantity of outgoing or finished pulp in this manner, it is intended to preserve more desirably uniform ilow conditions in the stock body in the machine than would be obtainable by drawing the eflluent directly from the stock body. i

According to another feature, feed enters the stock bath about the middle ofthe inlet side of the beater roll, `while outlet means are provided at each end. With this arrangement the stock level develops a peak or maximum hydraulic head about the middle and slopes oil' towards each end fact adjustable by a coordination of the speed of 4 rotation of the beater roll to the rate of feed and withdrawal of stock from a covered trough that is internally substantially free of obstructions or bailies, and in which the beater'roll is partially submerged. In other words, the variable relationship whereby the ilow conditions can be controlled, is the relation between-the rate of speed of the beater roll and the hydraulic head of .a sloping feed pulp stock level along the beater roll in the tank. The. slope of the stock level extends from the inlet end to the outlet `end of the tank, and the degree of slope is due to and de pends upon the character and the internal friction of the stock, as well as the general rate of `ow at which the stock is tank.

As a consequence of this discovery the invention is embodied in a beater construction in which a beater roll is partially submerged in a covered tank or trough, and the tank is .so spepassed through the lcially shaped with respect to the roll, that by.

the rotation of the roll, stock is drawn in under the roll and forced between the roll and the bedplate or bed-platesto be impelled or projected around and above'the rollin a manner to cause it to be guided in a trajectory-like path until it falls on the stock bath Athat extends along the inlet side of the roll. The resulting spiralized movement of the stock around the'beater roll is the resultant of two speed components, namely,

of one component represented by the speed of the beater roll, and another component represented4 bythe rate oi' flow of stockthrough the tank fromvthe inlet to the outlet Aend thereof. 'I'he degree of spiralization in the movement of y the stock around the beater roll thus becomes` a \\functi'on of the now volume that is sent in the `general direction from lend to' end through the tank, and that ilow volume is'adjustable. The

or outlet. j Hence the amount of hydraulic head or slope of stock level required for operation is reduced, so that even a rather viscous stock can be treated at relatively lowsubmergence' of the beater roll and hence at a saving in power. This reduction in the amount of roll submergence lowers the 'power requirements, releasing. a larger proportion of the connected power for the purpose of useful stock treatment, and increases the mechanical emciency of the machine.

Another feature has to do with the design and special contour of the trough or chamber in its relation to the general contour of the beater roll. The contour of the chamber is to be such as to providefa smoothly converging passage for the stock toward theinru'nning nip formed by the roll surface. In other words, there lis produced what might be called a horn-shaped angle between the two curved surfaces, of which the beater roll is one and the other is the correspondinglyl curved section of the tank bottom. The contours of .thisangle or approach should be of such coacting' curvature that reflecting forces exerted by the tank bottom upo'n the stock due to f the beater roll, will eliminate a tendency for the stock to segregate into water and solids, a phenomenon which is .often responsible for unstable operation and congestionin the machine. To illustrate this point, many machines ofthis gen- I eral character appear to be handling a stock of high density, whereas they are actually handling and treating a particular portion thereof at a lower density of stock whichv is in a more uid state, while., the differential volume of higher density stock which, in combination with this lower density stock, would equal the assumed quantity of higher density stock, passes through ineffective passageways and vrecoxnbines with the ,treated low density stock-.and is thus discharged the stock particles to be expended in a direction angle have such relation to each other that the component of the parallelogram of the forces acting therein is inward toward the stock nipping end of the horn. -An impelling force'is supple.

mentally applied to stock particles in this direction by the cavities or grooves or lights in the attriting insets on the beater roll, since they extend substantially longitudinal of the roll or. at right angles to the direction of lpulp or stock pro pulsion into the nipping end of the horn angle.

. A further feature relating to thel horn angle resides in a variation of the angle thereof for a purpose presently to be explained: The stock is most dense when it is emitted'from the feed pipe intothe stock chest of the beater and least dense `VWhere the stock or pulp exits from the beater.

l roll. AThat is, the distance betweenv the tub wall and the feed side of the roll is greater in the region of the stock feed to the roll than is the space between the tub wall and the roll in the region of the stock exit from the beater. This r in effect amounts to` gradual slenderizing of the horn-angle as the pulp progresses from inlet to exit. This progressively decreasing stock flowthrough -space between tub wall and beater roll stock-,receiving spacepro'gressively decreases in proportion as the stock being beaten-has its uidity progressively increased, whereby the stock will be discouraged from lessening its rate of spiralization around-the roll or .from unduly hastening its rate of progress toward the pulp outlet-in other words, to prevent harmful bypassing, and to maintain a desired period of .active detention of the stock under treatment in the machine.

Mention has been made above.that the stock impelled) or projected from the roll as it' passes frombetween the roll and bed-plate is guided in a trajectory-like path. This is an important feature and is accomplished by means of a.v hood or cover that may be said to form the top of the' casing that houses the roll and bed-plates.

vplugging of toward the roll and finally in the bath instead of being exerted against the tub wall, vfor when exertedv against the tub wall,this causes segregation of the stock and water witha consequent the flow of stock from the vbath to .the roll.

To this end, the flow of stock particles as they are projected from between the roll and the bedplate, must leave the roll at as near a tangent as possible and in a stream-'flow sheet unmolested by eddies or other disturbing influences, such as offsets, walls, or-back-drop spaces. lIt isl also undesirablethat any substantial'quantity of the projected stock particles leave the stream-flow ysheet that is being guided bythe hood and fall as rain or snow. It is desired to keep the particles` in a flowing stream orsheet of stock that follows the underside of the hood until the vertical is reached, and to minimize the separation or segregationof individual particles from that stream or sheet. The object is to cause each particle to conserve its kinetic energy as far asy possible to be expended in agitating the stock bath whenthe particle reaches it, to vwhich end the curving of the projected stock particles is done as a result of centrifugal force rather than by the expenditure of kinetic energy. This feature is important of itself but it is also important sincel the particular manner of feeding the stock from the bath to the roll is made highly effective by the combined and conjoint action r therewith` of they energy conserving treatment of the projected stock.

It is believed that it is this combined action that enables a machine that embodies the teachings of this invention to treat relatively high density free stocks up to 10% density, without experiencing difficulties due to segregation of water and fiber thatl lare the usual cause of plugging of the feed passages leading to the x'oll, and interruption of operation. The roll rotating at sufficient speed centrifugal force This hood isso designed as to have a contour 5 such that it forins a tangent or tangential curve with that pointof the roll from which the stock leaves the roll and bed-plate. The idea ls that the outcoming or projected stock does not break its stream flow but is guidedj inra curved path ity, as the stock impinges downwardly upon the pulp bath along the outer` side of the receiving space of the pulp bath. When re-entering the pulp bath in this manner the energy of the projected pulp will counteract or compensate for by .the hood until y'the guided stock-reachesfal point from which it can fall substantially vertically. The projected stream of Y stock partiv cles have kinetic energy acquired due to the circhanged until they reach the vertical pulp feeding side of the roll but that when they reach the vertical and fall, the stock particles still have residual kinetic energy sumcient to eect some agitation or turbulence in the stock bath as they y enter it. Thus, this invention teaches'thelmportance of vhaving all forces acting through Other features of the invention have to do withy that ltype of roll beater wherein 4.tliegheater roll is said to be oatingly supported with respect to the bed-plates so that as more or less stock tends to pass between the roll andbed-plates, the axle;

of the roll automatically raises and lowers to provide respectively more or lessv space between it.

and themed bed-plates. Another feature of this invention is the provision of weight and counterweight arrangements whereby this automatic tolerance capability of the roll canv benicely adjusted,'especially as to the limits of its vtolerant posi-f tions.' According to this feature, therefore, the

relative contours ofthe horn angle as relresented 1 by the two converging curved surfaces shouldv be 4more or Aless a function of lroll speed, distance of stock travel, and rate of stock flow, for efncient performance in the above respects.

Other features relate to structural details in the mounting. of the basalt lava insets.

lution of the stock is sometimes resorted to in order to overcome this difficulty, although it also places a corresponding load upon the paper machine where the sheet of pulp must be dewatered.

Another diiculty lies in the handling of free flowing or quick draining 'stock of high densityl because such a stock tends to segregate when treated in a beater of known type. This diiliculty also has been considered remediable to a degree only by means of dilution of the stock beingfed to the beater. l

In view of these diiiicultiesv due to characteristics of the stock, itis another object of the invention to reduce the load on the paper machines by producing a pulp` that is free flowing and well debrated, well hydrated, and at the same time of relatively high density.

The invention possesses other objects and fea- 'tures of advantage, some of which with lthe fore'- going will be set forth in the following description. In the following description and in the claims. parts will be identied by specific names for convenience, but they are intended to be as generic in their application to similar parts as the art will permit. In the accompanying drawings there has been illustrated the best embodiment of the invention known to me, but such embodiment is to be regarded as typical only of many possible embodiments, and the invention is not to be limited thereto.

' The -novel features considered characteristic of my invention are set forth with particularity in the appended. claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its organization and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description of a specific embodi.

ment when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: p

Fig. 1 is a side view of a' pulp conditioning apparatus embodying thel invention and showing adJusting mechanism for the yieldably mounted beater roll.

Fig. 2 is a top View of the apparatus.

Fig. 3 is a cross-section'through the apparatus, taken along the line 3-3 in Figs. 2 and 4. and showing more clearly the casing construction to comprise a lower or base portion in which the beater rolloperates, and cover portion extending from' front to rear of the base portion and constituting therewith a specially shaped pulp receiving space at the feedingside of the beater tively. showing various degrees of narrowing of the receiving Aspace of the here and 23d.

Fig. '1 is an enlarged detail cross-section of the means forv fastening basalt insets on the beater roll.

Fig. 8 is-a part sectional plan view of the fastening means shown in Fig. '1.

Fig. 9 is a sectional perspective view of the fastening means shown in Figs. 7 and 8, with a basalt inset about to be positioned upon the beater roll.

The pulp conditioning apparatus embodying this invention comprises a beater roll II)y having trunnions II and I2 mounted in bearings I3-and I4. Each of the bearings I3 and I4 has identical yieldably mounted supporting means disposed at each end of the apparatus so that only one of them need be described in detail. These yieldably mounted supporting meanscomprise a bell crank lever I5 which in turn is fulcrumed upon a fixed bearing I6. The bell crank lever I5 has a horizontally extending arm I1 and an upwardly extending arm I8'which latter in effect comprises the trunnion bearing I3. A compound system of weighted levers imparts adjustable upward pressure to the horizontal arm I1 of the bell crank lever, whereby the-beater roll I0 is held against afset of stationary bed-plates I9, 20, 2I which in effect form a part of a casing construction that surrounds the beater roll IIJ and is designated collectively bythe numeral 22, the trunnion bearings I3 and I4 and their yieldably mounted supporting means' being disposed outside of this casing construction at the respective ends thereof.

The casing construction 22 isshown to comprise a concrete base or portion 23 forming the lower troughlike section of the casing and forming with the beater roll I0 a space in the form of a horn angle that constitutes a part of a pulp receiving space 24 at the feeding side of the beater roll IIl to which rotation is normally irnparted -in the direction of arrow 25 as by a drive pulley 25* carried by the free vend of the trunnion vI l. f

A rear wall portion of the casing construction 22 closely follows the contour of the beater roll III,

for, together with the beater roll, the rear wall portion forms the active or pulp conditioning part of the apparatus, whereby the desired conditioning of the stock fibers or creation of the desired branch nbrillae on the stock main fibers is ei'l'ected. rear wall portion is herein identiiied collectively by its height R, although -it is shown to comprise more or less familiar structural sections, namely, boxlike castings or sec'- tions 26, 21, 28 for holding the above mentioned exchangeable bed-plates I9, 20, 2I. The bedplates may be of the same material, namely, basalt, as corresponding basalt insets usually provided upon the beater roll and forming the pulp treating surfaces thereon. The boxlike sections 26, 21, 28 may be bolted together in some' suitable manner not particularly shown and they are backed up by ycorner posts 30 and 3| anchored in some suitable manner upon the base. l l

A detail plan view of the lower portion of the casing construction or concrete base 23 is shown in Fig. 4 to have at the ends thereof horizontal faces 23 and 23h respectively terminating in rearwardly extending protrusions or protruding portions 23 and 23, for sustaining and mounting thereon portions of the end Hand rear, walll constructions of the casing 22. In this way the corner posts 30 and 3| are anchored upon the extreme end of the rearward protrusions 23c At the front or feeding side of the vbeater roll the base 23 is formed with a chamber 23 for receiving treated pulp discharged from the apparatus in a manner herinafterto be described, and provided with a treated pulp outlet connection 23.

The inner face ofthey base.23 is furthermore shaped in such a manner that the horn angle which it forms with the beater roll I is widest i at the middle of the base, but narrows down gradually towards the ends thereof. This conilguration is perhaps best` illustrated by taking suitable cross-sections of the base, such as shown in Figs. and 6. Thus the section in Fig. 5 being the closer one to the middleof' the base, shows a wider horn angle, while the section according to Fig. 6, being taken closer to one end of the base, shows a narrow horn angle. It will thus be understood (see Fig. 4) that a portion a of the base 23 has a horn angle of constant and maximum width, while the adjoining respective'end portions b and .c have a horn angie the width of which decreases gradually from the maximum to up'on the outer edge portion of a bodyof pulp 39 that is maintained in the pulp-receiving space, and thereby causes a certain type `of effective agitation in the pulp body.

An inlet 49 for feeding stock to the interior of 'the casing is shown to be provided on the cover portion 31 at the-middle thereof, that is to say intermediate the two discharge devices 33 andk 34. In this way, half of the incoming stock moves in one direction, namely, towards the discharge device 33 while the other'half moves in the opposite direction, namely, towards the other discharge device 34, whereby the stock is caused to progressl in aspiral movement around `the beater roll gradually from the inlet to the re spective outlet and in a controlled manner hereinafter fully 'to be described.

The stock is projected against a lining 4I that covers the inside of the arched body portion 31* a minimumat the end of the base 23. For reasons and purposes hereinafter to be explained, this gradual variation of the horn angle presents a conguration4 of the feed receiving space that offers a gradually increasing impediment tothe ow, of stoel:v or pulp passing from a wider to a.

narrow cross-section or horn angle. Y

The casing construction 22` further comprises a front wall 32 identied by its height F, andbeing provided at each end with an adjustable pulp discharge device 33 and .34.respectively. 'I'his device comprises a doctor 35 that is adjustable vabout the horizontal axis of a pivot connection cept a desired ilow volume of treated pulp that isprojected by the beater roll I0 ,into the pulpreceiving space 24, andto discharge it from the interior of the casing into the chamber 23 for 'further disposal. A specially shaped cover portion 31 Iorm'sthe top oi the casing,as it arches from the rear wall portion R to the front wall portion of F. .'The cover portion 31 comprises the arched body portion 31* and vertical end portions 31" and 31 respectively. Correspondingly the lower or body portion of the casing cori- `struction.comprises end wall portions 31d and 31 o f the casing cover 31. i

v Initially lin this detailed description it was said that a compound system of weighted levers imparts adjustable upward pressure to the horizontal arm I1 of the bell cranklever I5, whereby compound lever system that is adapted to cause respectively, which in turn may be constructed in sections such as indicated in Fig. 1, and they are supported and mounted upon the horizontal faces 23*.and 23'. o1' theconcretebase shown in the Fig. 4. Trunnions I I `and I2 of the beater roll,

oi course, extend throughthe end wall portions, 31 and 31l respectively being sealed therein in some suitable manner. By way of a connecting wall portion 33 the cover portion 31 blends tan- -gentially into the rear wallportion R, with thel result that if an adequate rate oi' rotation is applied to the beater roll I3, it will project the tially .as shown in Fig. 3. That is to say. the

centrifugal force set up in the projected mass due` interior face of the 'cover portion. With, the en.

ergy of its momentum thus preserved, Ythis "mass .or movingV sheet of pulp following downwardly I the contour of the-front wall portion 32 impinges @75 between the extremec'nds thereof.4 -It will thus pulp into. the vpulp-receiving space 24 substanAv ,thefbed-plates I9, 20, 2|.

the beater roll Ill is held against the stationary bed-plates I9, 20, 2l, and that the trunnion bearings I3 and I4 and their yieldably mounted supporting means are disposed outside of this'. casing construction, namely, at the respective endsthereof. The detalledfdescription of the casing having been completed as above, there will now be given the detailed description of the the beater rolly I0 to yieldably engage' the bedplates I9, 20, 2I with an adjustedv amount of pressure `and thereby to provide for the stock the desired kind of attrition treatment.

.According to Fig. 1, the horizontal arm I1 of the-bell crank lever I5 rests upon a fulcrum portion 42 which in turn constitutes a part of the short arm 43 of a double armed or primary' lever 45 having a long arm 44 opposite the short arm 43. A fulcrum point 4l* upon a bracket or support 45b sustains the primary lever". The end of thelong arm `44 is loaded witha primary weight 43 pressing the fulcrum portion 42 and`- thereby the arm I1 o1' the bell crank lever Il upwardly, thus urging the beater roll against A ne adjustment of this pressure due to the leverage of weight `43 is provided'by way ofa smaller or secondary shiftable weight 41 that loads the longvarm 4I of a double armed or secondary lever Il having as anoppositev arm a short arm 49. A tulcrum point I9* upon a fixed bracket or support il* sustains the secondary lever 33. The short arm 49 is linked by a connectionor reachlrod Il to the short arm of the primary lever 45. It will be noted that the lower end oi' the reach rod II is connected as at 32 to the very end portion of the short arm 43, w ereas the upper end of the reach rod 5I is connected to the short' arm 4l *I at a point 33 that is nearer to the fulcrum point lllof the secondary lever than tothe outer end of the short arm 49 of that lever. A threaded spindle 64 paralleling thesecondary lever II is rotatably mountedthereon and operable l,by a

hand-wheel Il and through a set of bevel'gears 53 andil mountedfupontlie extreme end of thel short arm 49 of the secondary 'lever Il. The spindle 54 has threading engagement. -with the lsecondary weight 41, so thatrotati'om ot the handwheel 53 mayxcause the weight" to .shift or ride along the secondary leverv Il to any point be noted that, depending upon the adjusted position of the shiftable weight 41 on secondary lever 50, eective leverage 'may be added to or subtracted from the leverage effect which is due to the primary weight 46. An identical compound lever systemvsuch as just described is provided at each end of the machine (see Fig. 2) for each respective end of the beater roll I0, and it isA desirable that a single manipulation should actuate both in unison. Therefore, the hand-wheel 55 at one end of the machine is rigidly connected with a similar hand-wheel 55* at the other end y of the machine through a shaft 58 that extends parallel to the axis of the beater roll. By turning either one or the other ofthese hand-wheels '55 and55, the secondary weights 41-and 41l respectively at opposite ends of the machine can be movedy in unison. Y

There is further shown .(see Fig. 3) `a releasing mechanism M whereby the operating vpressure of the beater roll Ill against the bed-plates I9, 20, 2| can `be adjusted or entirely released. It comprises a worm drive 59 having a worm gear 60 and a worm 6| This worm drive is shown to be mounted against the underside of the fixed bracket or support 50h. The worm 6| has a worm shaft 62 rotatable' by a set of bevel gears 63 (only-partly visible in Fig. 3) which are supv ported by a bracket 64 mounted upon the adjoining end wall of the casing construction. A hand-wheel 65 may be rotated to turn the worm gear 6I) through the level gears 63, the worm shaft 62 and the worm 6I, so as to impart axial movement to a screw or short threaded spindle 66 whose lower end engages upon the horizontal arm |1 of bell crank lever I5 and depresses the same when the rotation of the hand-wheel 65 moves the screw 66 ldownwardly against the combined leverage effect of both the primary weights 46 and 46"L and the secondary weights -4l and 41,

, thereby adjusting or releasing the pressure that normally urges the beater roll Il) against the bedplates I9, 20, 2 I. Since two such releasing mechanisms MA and M are symmetrically arranged, one at each endv of the machine, it is desired that both be actuated in unison. Therefore the roy tation of a hand-wheel 65 at one end, or a simivlar hand-wheel 65u at'the j other end of the machine, both interconnected by a shaft 68, will work both releasing mechanisms M and M' sition elements to. be assembled upon the roll. 'Ihe drum 69 may be acasting. in which the foot portions of the ribs are embedded. Each rib 10 comlatch members 12 mounted as by bolts 12* on the top face 10 of the flaring end portion 1l)h of the ribs 10. Grouting 13 or the like lls the seating clearances around the blocks, some grouting or the like covering as at 13 the top face of the ribs and the latch members 12 thereon so as to form a smooth groove or pocket 13b, An attrition element 1| such as herein shown is an elongatedy block of basalt lava having a beveled shoulder 14 and 14n respectively onk each sida-which shoul' ders correspond to and areto be retained by beveled faces 10c and IIId respectively of the flaring top portion 1lib of the ribs.

Prior to the insertion of the block 1I which may be introduced longitudinally into the spaces Ibetween the ribs, the latch members 12 are turned to a position shown in Fig. 9 where they line up or co-extend longitudinally with the ribs 10. After a block 1| has been inserted and positioned, .the corresponding latch members 12 are then turned to the position shown in Figs. 7 and 8, where they extend transversely of the ribs and engage in recesses 16 that arecorrespondingly provided inthe sides of the blocks 1|, and are or pocket 11, so that in a beater roll on which al1 prises a straight radially extending body portion i i -defined by parallel side surfaces and terminating in a ilaringtop portion 1IIb dened by beveled attrition elements to be assembled upon the roll are designated-by the numeral 1| and they may be in the form of specially shaped basalt lava blocks or units suited to be placed into and retained in Vthe spaces between the ribs 10. Because of the f' heavy stress 'placed' upon them due to cen- '65 faces 10 and 1lid and by av flat top face 10. The

blocks 1| have been properly assembled deeper pockets 13*l will be found to alternate with shallower or smaller pockets 11, which pockets serve to trap corresponding volumes of stock under treatment in the machine, permitting the beater roll Ill to carry the material from the pulp receiving spacef24 past the bed-plates I9, 20, 2|, and

to project it again back into the pulp receivingv space 24 in the particular manner substantially as illustrated in Fig. 3.

' The operation of the apparatus is as follows: Stock to enter the machine for treatment is fed at a desired rate through the inlet 40 into the interior of the casing y22 and more particularly intov the feed receiving space 24 where it enters vthe body of pulp 33 in the casing substantially at the middle thereof. The' pulp discharge or interceptor devices 33 and 34, if the doctor blade thereof is properly adjusted, cause the with- 'drawal 'of an equal amount of treated pulp from each end of the casing. Consequently there is a tendency of the pulp in the body 39 to flow from the point of feed towards each end of the casing. the level of the pulp, because of the viscosity thereof, forming a corresponding slope from the center to 4each end of the pulp bath in the feed receiving space 24.

` l The beater roll I0 is driven so as to acquire a 4 high` enough speed component whereby the pulp is caused to progress in opposite spiralized pathsv sired motionof the pulp as established in this machine might be considered as the resultant of.

or as being in varying ldegrees dependent upon the following co-acting factors: namely, the rate of stock feed and of treated stock withdrawal, the rate of rotation of the beater-roll, the consistency and characteristics of the stock under treatment, the degree of pressure of theroll against the bedplates I9, 20, 2 I ,and the structural configuration of the feed receiving space 24 including the top beater roll rotatably ymounted within the casing portion of the/casing in'co-relation tothe size change of fluidity thus tends to upset or impair.

the regularity, yuniformity and emciency of the intended spiral paths because of possible short circuiting or because of a treatment burden that is unevenly distributed over the entire length of the beater roll. However, the lowering of op-y the feed receiving space as regards the horn angle portion thereof. That is to say, the resistance to the horizontal flow speed component of the pulp body 39 is increased as its fluidity is decreased.

In pulp conditioning machines of this general class using a beater roll, there is the ev'er present problem of the stock bers segregating at the pulp receiving side of the beater roll, especially whenhandling high densityY free owing stock. Again,rthis is compensated for in the operation of the present improved machine by a functional co-ordination of the size and speed of the beater roll with the shape and conlguration of the .surrounding casing construction. That is to say, at a proper speed of rotation the longitudinal grooves or pockets provided over the roll circumference will seize the stock from the pulp receiving side, force it past the bed-plates Il, 2.0, 2| for debration and hydration treatment, and release it tangentially with sumcient momentum to carry it substantially undispersed away from the roll. Because of the centrifugal force acting upon the 'projected mass, the projectedf pulp will move in a substantially compact stream or sheet along the curved or concave guide face that is presented by the interior face of the top portion of the casing. The operation indeed should be such that the centrifugal force due to the momentum carries the material substantially undispersed and with a mass impact to the outer longitudinal zone of the pulp body 39, whereby A. there is constantly induced in the pulp body 39 a type of positive agitation which I have vfound to be capable of preventing vthe troublesome segregation of the pulp and consequent congestion. The stream or sheet of material projected in this special manner is designated by the numeral 19 in Fig. 3 incidentally showing only minor portions of stray material deviating from the trajectory as deflned by Ithe'top portion' of the casing. y

I claim:

./ 1. A stock conditioning apparatus comprising a closed casing having ends and a concave bottom section as well as a substantially concave top section, a horizontally extending cylindrical disposed to be substantially tangential to one side of the concavebottom section to form with the bottom section a stock-receiving space' having a horn angle leading to the place of tangency of the roll and the bottom section, bed plates for the bottom section adjacent the place of tangency, inlet means for continually feeding stock to the stock-receiving space and into the horn angle, the concave top section yforming a trajectorial pathr for stock projected upwardly by rotation of the roll to guide such stock to return to the stock-receiving space and back into the horn angle, means for rotating the'roll at a speedsufcient to project such stock in its trajectorial path, whereby said stock is guided into the outer marginal zone of said stock receiving space, and treated stock outlet means adapted for discharg= lng stock at the rate at which stock is fed and horizontally spaced from the stock feeding inlet means whereby a hydrostatic head is maintained between the inlet and outlet for yflowing stock from inlet toward outlet at a speed controlled by the rate oi feed while rotation of the roll act-v ing on such flowing stock carries stock along a spiralized path around the roll from inlet to outlet.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which said outlet means comprise an adjustable doctor effective to intercept a 'portion of the projected stock on its return path.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which the inlet is disposed intermediate the ends ofy the casing, and in which said inlet 'means comprise an outlet at each end of the casing.' y

4. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which the inlet is disposed intermediate the ends of the casing, and in which said outlet means comprise an. outlet at each end of the casing and an adjustable doctor for each outlet and eii'ective to -intercept respective portions of the projected stock on its return path. a

`5. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which the stock receiving space is increasingly restricted from said stock inlet means toward said pulp outlet means in a manner that the area represented by said horn angle becomes increasingly narrower thus presenting to the stock a continuously decreasing flow area as the stock prothe inlet is disposed intermediate the ends of the' casing and in which said outlet means comprise an outlet at each end of the casing, and the stock receiving space is increasingly restricted from the inlet toward each outlet in a manner that the area represented by said horn angle becomes increasingly narrower thus presenting to the stock a continuously decreasing flow area as the stock proceeds along said spiralized path.

'LyPulp stock treating apparatus according to claim 1, in which said return path comprises a substantially vertical portion substantially imme- "diately above the said body of stock.

8. Pulp stock treating apparatus according to claim 1, in. which'th inlet is disposed intermediate the -ends of the casing, in which said outlet means comprise an outlet at each end of the casing and an adjustable doctor for each outlet and eflectiveto intercept respective 'portions of the projected stock on its return path. l i GEORGE W. DODGE. 

